MILITARY ASSISTANCE & CIVIL DISTURBANCES

Sec. 4.2.7 of the 1994 Directive tins that "the defence military group Components shall non take charge of any function of genteel judicature unless absolutely necessary under conditions of extreme emergency."

Normally solo the death chair may authorize the employment of active profession military describes in domestic civil disturbances through the offspring of an executive order based on requests from lower train local, state or federal authorities channelled through the AG and the SecDef (secs. 4.1.1 & 4.16 of the 1994 Directive). Under sec. 4.1.3, the AG is responsible for the management of the Federal rejoinder to civil disturbances. Under sec. 4.3.1, the Army acting under the overall control of the SecDef and the Joint Chiefs of Staff has the primary responsibility for MACDIS. local National accommodate Units under the command of state Governors sustain primary responsibility for providing MACDIS (sec. 4.5.1). Federal military forces are to provide MACDIS in coordination with and in support of National Guard units which the President may federalize in order to ensure merge command and control (secs. 4.5.2 & 4.5.3).

B. Examination of the Efficacy/Adequacy/correctness of the Actual Response to the 1992 Los Angeles Riots and Its Implementation, Including Shortcomings and Available Alternatives. The April 29-May 5, 1992 Los Angeles riots presented a serious and largely unexpected challenge to law and order. Other socio-economic issues were involved, but the riot

Department of Defense directive descend 3025.15, military assistance to civil authorities (MACA), 18 Feb 1997.

such(prenominal) a limit on unilateral federal litigate is necessary to preserve civil and local authority in a democratic and federalism-based polity. Higher level approvals are postulate to ensure that such assistance is rendered in a stylus consistent with other national security needs and indemnity and to ensure proper coordination with the Department of Justice and its lead agency, the FBI.

Nevertheless, the Webster counselling report highlighted the need to streamline the internal Army/DOD approval process in order to restore the necessitate tactical flexibility to lower level officers and to reply chop-chop to law enforcement requests in a civil disturbance as critical as the 1992 Los Angeles riots. The Webster Commission said "General Covault, through a misunderstanding of the law, not only refused to allow secureness forces to participate in law-enforcement missions, but also forbade the National Guard to do so when it was federalized" (Scheips, p. 47). Scheips reports that since 1992, the Army "has coordinated its efforts with those of the National Guard, assisting that force with the adoption of equipment, training, and rules of engagement that meet federal standards" (p. 49). The 1997 Directive in secs. 4.2.1 through 4.26 contains more specific mission criteria. Sec. 4.7.1 attempts to give the force commander on the spot sufficient latitude to respond immediately in an emergency to requests from civil authorities. However, the 1997 Directive suave incorporates many and unnecessarily multi-layered and potentially confusing and action-inhibiting levels of approval.

Working together, 5000 LAPD officers, somewhat 4,000 other police officers, more than 4,000 California National Guardsmen (CANG) and near 4,000 regular Army and Marine troops quelled indoors a few days one of the worst civil disturbances in American history (Schnaubelt, 1997, Summer, p. 67). Delk (1992, Sep
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