The Civil Settlement

In the Criminal excuse Agreement, Exxon was slapped with the largest fine ever imposed for an environmental crime: $cl one million million. Criminal Restitution commanded that Exxon pay an additional $100 million as recompense for damage caused to fish, wildlife and land. The Civil Settlement tract was by far the costliest, tallying out at $900 million. These funds, paid in annual installments through the 90s, culminated in 2001 and were earmarked to "restore resources that suffered a warm loss or decline as a issuing of the oil spill, the injuries of which could not have been known or estimate" at the time of the settlement (EVOSTC).

That Exxon was found presumable for the Valdez adventure has implications for any oil companionship that operates in American waters. On the one hand, the courts have made clear that those corporations found liable for environmental fortuitys are obliged to undo the damage that has been done. to a greater extent than this, the cost of such an undoing must be sufficiently high as to dissuade any oil company from regarding such fines as acceptable operating risks. An independent judgeship in 1991 emphasized this point when it scrapped the original Exxon settlement.

The Alaskan judge presiding over the case opined the early settlement was inadequate, specifically because he feared that other oil companies might regard the already $1 billi

"Another slip-up for Exxon." (1991). The Economist. 319 (7704): 72. Retrieved from the foundation Wide Web 26 January, 2004: http://web4.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/667/423/46030980w4/purl=rc1_ITOF_0

It has been report that at least 80 percent of all maritime accidents are caused by human error (EVOSTC). Humans, however, are of data track dependent upon engineering, and our ability to interpret and use the information that technology affords us may not satisfy the demands of oceanic navigation. In the case of hydrographic survey capabilities, however, the technology itself is below par. though surely the Exxon Valdez oil spill cast light on the limitations of hydrographic survey equipment, the issues surrounding this particular facet of the disaster have apparently gone unheeded.

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